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The Trinity Carol Roll is a 15th-century manuscript of thirteen English carols held by the Wren Library at Trinity College, Cambridge (MS O.3.58). It is the earliest surviving example of polyphonic music written in English.〔Deeming, Helen, (Deo Gracias Anglia!: The Trinity Carol Roll ), Obsidion (Classical Communications Ltd) 2012, CD709. Derived from Helen Deeming's longer (The sources and origin of the 'Agincourt Carol' ), ''Early Music'', Vol 35, No 1, February 2007, pp. 23–36〕 Compiled after 1415, it contains the earliest of two manuscript sources for the Agincourt Carol which tells of Henry V's victory at the Battle of Agincourt, as well as several early Christmas carols. The majority of texts are in Middle English (in a Norfolk dialect) with some of the carols alternating between Latin and Middle English, a common form for carols of the period known as macaronic.〔Jeffrey, David L., (Early English Carols and the Macaronic Hymn ), ''Floreligium'' Vol 4 (1982) 210–227〕 == Description == Parchment scrolls were a common method of documentation in the Middle Ages, being both cheaper and easier to transport and store than bound books.〔 However, their lack of protective covers meant they were comparatively prone to damage and loss.〔 The Trinity Roll's provenance is unknown; the manuscript was given to Trinity College by Henricus Octavus Roe of Baldock in 1838, but is not recorded before this time.〔(Parishes: Stotfold ), ''A History of the County of Bedford: Volume 2'' Victoria County History, London, 1908. pp 300–304〕〔James, Montague Rhodes ''The Western Manuscripts in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge: A Descriptive Catalogue'' Volume III (Cambridge, 1900–4), 247–8〕 The scroll is made from vellum long and wide.〔Hayward, Paul, (The Agincourt Carol ), ''Medieval Primary Sources—Genre, Rhetoric and Transmission'', Department of History, Lancaster University〕 When rolled, it forms a cylinder approximately in diameter. The carols are noted in mensural notation on five-line staves. The beginning of each song is marked by decorative initials in blue ink with red adornments and each stanza is marked by a smaller blue or red initial.〔 The text is handwritten in the ''Cursiva Anglicana'' script of the period, a form of writing initially used for letters and legal documents which soon became the most commonly used script for copying English literary texts of the period, for example the manuscripts of Geoffrey Chaucer and William Langland.〔(Manuscripts and Special Collections – Handwriting Styles ), University of Nottingham 2011〕 A faded inscription is at the head of the roll, and the outer side of the roll (dorse) has prayers for four masses inscribed by another, later hand.〔 Analysis of the dialect in the carols on the roll imply that the scribe was from South Norfolk: the inclusion of ''Deo Gracias Anglia'' referencing Henry V's victory at Agincourt in 1415 gives an indication of the time frame of the composition of the carols.〔 Some sources, for example J.A. Fuller Maitland suggest that carols were all composed by the same hand, but whether this was the scribe is unknown.〔Fuller Maitland, J. A., ed., ''English carols of the fifteenth century: from a MS. roll in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge'' (London, 1891), vii–viii〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trinity Carol Roll」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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